Medicinal Mushrooms: Natural Health Support and Oncology Therapy

The healing properties of mushrooms have been known since ancient times. In traditional medicine, they have been widely used to treat various ailments. While many of us are accustomed to consuming mushrooms as food, few consider their complex and fascinating structural and chemical composition, the diversity of the fungal world, and the benefits they can provide to our health.

Mushrooms rich in beta-glucans have traditionally been used in the medicine of many cultures, including Chinese, Japanese, and Korean traditional medicine.

The compounds found in mushrooms are essential for the human body, as they provide energy, improve digestion, regulate blood sugar levels, normalize cholesterol levels, and possess immunomodulatory properties.

Regular consumption of mushrooms or mushroom extracts can significantly improve overall well-being.

Let’s take a closer look at their therapeutic effects and role.

Polysaccharides: Natural Multifunctional Carbohydrates

Polysaccharides are natural high-molecular-weight carbohydrates with a wide range of therapeutic effects. Particular attention is given to beta-glucans, which are an important component of dietary fiber and exhibit strong immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

Therapeutic Effects of Medicinal Mushrooms

Medicinal mushrooms have been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years. They possess powerful adaptogenic, immunostimulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. Some of the most studied mushrooms include:

• Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) – contains polysaccharides that stimulate the immune system and support the body’s defense against viruses.

• Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus) – enhances nervous system function, promotes neuron regeneration, and supports cognitive functions.

• Enoki Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) – rich in antioxidants, strengthens immunity, and supports cardiovascular health.

• Agaricus Blazei Murrill – possesses strong anti-tumor properties, stimulates the immune system, and enhances the body's defense mechanisms.

• Antrodia Camphorata – known for its anticancer properties, supports liver detoxification, and has antioxidant effects.

Mechanism of Action of Polysaccharides and Beta-Glucans

One of the key biologically active compounds in medicinal mushrooms are polysaccharides, particularly beta-glucans. They exert a variety of therapeutic effects:

• Immunostimulatory effect – beta-glucans activate macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and T-lymphocytes, enhancing anti-tumor and antiviral immune responses.

• Anti-tumor action – by stimulating the immune system, beta-glucans help the body recognize and destroy cancer cells. They may also inhibit tumor blood vessel growth, limiting the tumor’s nutrient supply.

• Anti-inflammatory action – mushroom polysaccharides reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, lowering chronic inflammation in the body.

• Antioxidant effect – they reduce oxidative stress, a contributing factor in the development of various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and neurodegenerative disorders.

• Microbiome support – beta-glucans act as prebiotics, promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, which positively affects immunity and overall health.

Use of Mushrooms in Oncology

In oncology, medicinal mushrooms are used as adjunctive therapy. Their active components, such as beta-glucans, terpenes, and polysaccharides, can:

• Enhance the body's immune response, helping to recognize and destroy abnormal cells.

• Support liver function and detoxification during chemotherapy.

• Exhibit anti-angiogenic effects, preventing the growth of new blood vessels that nourish tumors.

• Reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, which may contribute to cancer cell development.

Clinical studies have shown that mushroom extracts can increase the effectiveness of standard treatments while reducing the side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, before using mushrooms as a complementary therapy, it is essential to consult a doctor.

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